Concept, Resource, Order, Product (CROP) is a reference architecture for adaptive Learning Objects owned by Semantic Learning Services developed by the second author. According to CROP, composite Objects are essentially recursive, and adaptively is an emergent property of Learning Service communication and collaboration. CROP is formally represented as an OWL ontology consisting of the framewor...

This study aims to assess the spatial and temporal variability of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET) over the mountainous Jeju Island, South Korea. In this mountainous region, only limited observed, station-based meteorological data are available, and thus statistical approaches are used to construct monthly reference crop ET maps. The maximum and minimum temperatures, wind speed, and relat...

Abstract Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important process in the hydrological cycle and needs to be accurately quantified for proper irrigation scheduling and optimal water resources systems operation. The time variant characteristics of ET necessitate the need for forecasting ET. In this paper, two techniques, namely a seasonal ARIMA model and Winter's exponential smoothing model, have been inv...

Efficient irrigation water management requires a good quantification of evapotranspiration. The precise estimation of water requirement of crop is very important factor in the application of irrigation design and scheduling. Water relation model are essential component of all crop model because of critical role of water status has in determining growth, productivity and produce quality. Irrigat...

So far, various methods have been presented for determining reference crop evapotranspiration in different parts of the world. The most popular and prestigious of them are probably the combined methods of Penman family, modified Blany-Criddle, Hargreaves - Samani and thornthwaite. Due to lack of lysimeter data in many parts of Iran, presenting an equation according to the regional condition wit...

Most methods used for crop classification rely on the ground-reference data of the same year, which leads to considerable financial and labor cost. In this study, we presented a method that can avoid the requirements of a large number of ground-reference data in the classification year. Firstly, we extracted the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series profiles of the dominant ...

Wheat is an important crop of India. Precise estimates of evapotranspiration can be obtained by multiplying crop coefficients to reference evapotranspiration using readily available climatic data. PenmanMonteith equation is adopted world wide as the most reliable and accurate method for computing reference evapotranspiration. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) presented crop coefficien...